urban water pollution

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2.3 Near mixing zone and distant mixing zone

We need to know the place where the plume centerline crosses the water surface or picnocline layer. To calculate this point we will use U_a and the vertical velocity

Multiport diffuser.- W=1,66(g’q)^1/3 being W the vertical velocity of the effluent (m/s).

Separated ports.- W=6,3(g’Q_b/H)^1/3 .

Single port.- W=6,3(g’Q/H)^1/3.

In the last two cases, H will be replaced by ymax when the water is stratified. The point localization with regard to the place where the plume centerline crosses the surface, gives us the near and distant mixing zone definitions.

2.4 Concentration calculation

The concentration value in a plume point is determined by the X,Y,Z coordinates and is given by the equation:

C(X,Y,Z)=(C₀/S) F₀(t)F₁(t)F₂(Y,t)F₃(Z,t)

C₀=pollutant concentration in the effluent

S=initial dilution

being t=X/U_a. F₀(t) takes into account non-conservative pollutants and is equal to:

F₀(t)=10^-t/T90

The F₀, F₁, F₂ and F₃ functions depend on being in near or distant mixing zone.

(a) Near mixing zone:

In such a case, the equations are

F₁(t)=1

F₂(Y,t)=(1/2)[erf[(B/2+Y)/(σ_y2^1/2)]+ erf[(B/2-Y)/(σ_y2^1/2)]]

F₃(Z,t)=(1/2)[erf[(e+Z)/(σ_z2^1/2)]+ erf[(e-Z)/(σ_z2^1/2)]]

being σ_y=(2K_yt)^1/2 and σ_z=(2K_zt)^1/2. The program calculats erf function by numerical integration. The the precision of integration method depends on the parameter N_int. Increasing N_int value, we increase the numeric convergence but we will need more time of calculation. We should look for an optimized value of N_int.

ALGORITHMS: Algorithms I - Algorithms II - Algorithms III - Algorithms IV - Algorithms V - Algorithms VI

Canarina Algoritmos Numéricos, S.L.

Environmental software solutions

Software para impacto del medio ambiente

Canary Islands, Spain

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DESCAR: DESCAR: water pollution - Data I - Algorithms I - Pollutants I

SOLUTIONS: DESCAR: water pollution - Advantages - Price

INPUT DATA: Data I - Data II - Data III - Import - Commands - Graphs I - Graphs II

ALGORITHMS: Algorithms I - Algorithms II - Algorithms III - Algorithms IV - Algorithms V - Algorithms VI

POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline

DESCAR software solutions: This application has been used in great number of environmental reports, courses and water pollution studies in the last years. We currently have users in more than 10 countries.

Chichester - outfall design and water pollution report in the coast - outfall modeling and water pollution study in the harbor

City of London - organic matter report - pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons study -

Coventry - suspended solids and biosolids study - dissolved oxygen and turbidity report -

Derby - best management practices report - estuaries and contaminated sites study - fluoridation and toxic substances report -

Derry - risk assessment study - nitrification report - water pollution project

Dundee - biogeochemistry and bacteriological study - pentachlorophenol and dioxins report - vadose zone study -

Durham - microbiological study - solid wastes report - heavy metals report -

Edinburgh - estuaries and turbidity study - water pollution project

Ely - types of water pollution course - water and air pollution study - water pollution affecting report -

Staffordshire - environmental issues - water cooler - waterways pollution

Oxfordshire - water pollution activities - point water pollution - water pollution project

Leicester - solution of water pollution - ways to stop water pollution - how to control water pollution -

Lichfield - pollution on water - water and land pollution - water and soil pollution - solve water pollution -

Lincoln - water pollution lesson plans - agricultural water pollution - examples of water pollution -

Lisburn - ways to reduce water pollution - how to reduce water pollution - impacts of water pollution -

Liverpool - water pollution in the great lakes - water pollution and society - water pollution graph -

Manchester - underground water pollution - water pollution experiments - diseases caused by water pollution -

Newcastle upon Tyne - facts on water pollution - picture of water pollution - water pollution photos -

Newport - impact of water pollution - water pollution laws - water pollution information -

Newry - solutions for water pollution - water pollution problem - water pollution graphs -

Derbyshire - the causes of water pollution - affects of water pollution - water pollution project

Dorset - water pollution research - ways to control water pollution - sea water pollution -

Northamptonshire - water pollution - reducing water pollution - water pollution article

Durham - water pollution oil - water prevention and control of pollution act 1974 - water pollution control plant -

Nottinghamshire - outfall - ocean outfall - sewage outfall - water pollution project

Cheshire - the effects of water pollution - drinking water pollution -

Chalatenango: trichomonas and wastewater study - wastewater treatment and sewage discharges -

Cojutepeque: water and wastewater study -

Jutiana: wastewater treatment plants -

La Union: wastewater plant - wastewater management - slaughterhouse wastewater -

San Miguel: sewage water treatment with DBO - port of discharge calculation and sewage pumps - sewage discharge modeling

San Salvador: sewage treatment plant study - standard methods for examination of water and wastewater -

San Vincente: stream discharge with Cl2 study - sewage plant and wastewater minimization report -

Santa Ana: sludge and effluent with Pb report - sludges and wastewaters with Hg study - biotreatment in sewage report - sewage discharge modeling

Sonsonate: suspended solids and biosolids in effluents study - urban water pollution

Wiltshire - continental sewage - sewage plumbing - sewage grinder pump - urban water pollution

Aberdeen - sewage problem - london sewage - sewage lard

Armagh - recycled sewage water - treated sewage - recycling sewage water - urban water pollution

Bangor - effluents with solid wastes and anaerobic report - heavy metals in wastewaters study - sewage discharge modeling

Bath - anaerobic wastewater treatment and biological wastewater study - activated sludge and anaerobic digestion report - sewage discharge modeling

Belfast - wastewater effluent design report - water discharge with heavy metals study - sewage discharge modeling

Birmingham - wastewater engineering treatment and reuse - effluent guidelines - sewage discharge modeling

Bradford - water and wastewater treatment with heavy metals - wastewater engineering - sewage discharge modeling

Brighton & Hove - sewage sludge and partial discharge report - sewage treatment and glow discharge study - sewage discharge modeling

Bristol - trichomoniasis and trichomonas hominis report - standard methods for the examination of sewage discharges - sewage discharge modeling

Shropshire - sewer design - boston water and sewer - home sewage system - urban water pollution

Cambridgeshire - sewage systems - sewage pump - sewage filtration - sewage basin - sewage drinking water - sewage well - sewage wetlands -

Lancashire - water conservation - drinking water - water treatment plant - industrialised countries - water resources -

Gloucestershire - sewage removal - sewage treatment plant - sewage pump - sewage system - sewage pumps - sewage systems - sewage disposal -

Staffordshire - sewage pumping station - urban water pollution

Oxfordshire - sewage sludge - sewage water - surfers against sewage -

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