marine water pollution

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Pycnocline

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Pycnocline or thermocline

Density and thermal stratification: The intense heating caused by sunlight results in the formation of a light, warmer layer of water floating on top of a much larger mass of cold, dense water. Where these two bodies of dense water meet there is a zone of rapid change in the water temperature, called the thermocline or picnocline. Such a thermocline is a permanent feature of both tropical and temperature waters. When the surface water of temperature seas is warmed in the summer a further seasonal thermocline can develop much closer to the surface. This is much stronger feature than the permanent thermocline in temperature waters. This thermocline plays an important role in determining seasonal changes in marine primary production in temperature seas. Thermal stratification represents a physical barrier to the mixing of the water column. There is little or no exchange of nutrient through a thermocline.

The stratification phenomena is the existence of two homogeneous water layers and separated by a thin thermocline layer. In such a case, we can say that the water is stratified. There is no exchange of pollutants through this picnocline layer.

Example:

Calculation in both XY-plane (parallel to water surface) and XZ-plane (perpendicular to water surface). The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The effluent flow rate is 0,15 m^3/s, the current velocity is 0,04 m/s and the current angle is 45 (NE). The Stratified model has been used in the calculation. The fucshia square represents the vertical discharge source (outfall locations). We have a three-dimensional image of the pollutant plume with these two computer screens.

BOD pollution map produced by continuous discharge in this region. The stratified model has been used. Top: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XZ-Plane. Bottom: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XY-Plane and the blue horizontal line indicates us the position of the water surface plane. The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The violet horizontal line (bottom) indicates us the position of the pycnocline (or thermocline) layer plane. We can see that there is no exchange of pollutants through the pycnocline layer.

POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline

Canarina Algoritmos Numéricos, S.L.

Environmental software solutions

Software para impacto medio ambiental

Canary Islands, Spain

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European network on pollution · European Union

Member of MAPO: European network on Marine Pollution. Project

funded by the European Commission through the

6th Framework Programme for Research and Development

pycnocline

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DESCAR: DESCAR: water pollution - Data I - Algorithms I - Pollutants I

SOLUTIONS: DESCAR: water pollution - Advantages - Price

INPUT DATA: Data I - Data II - Data III - Import - Commands - Graphs I - Graphs II

ALGORITHMS: Algorithms I - Algorithms II - Algorithms III - Algorithms IV - Algorithms V - Algorithms VI

POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline

DESCAR software solutions: This application has been used in great number of environmental reports, courses and water pollution studies in the last years. We currently have users in more than 10 countries.

Bedfordshire - waste water treatement - wastewater treatment equipment - advanced wastewater treatment -

Aberdeen - wastewater sludge - waste water plant - municipal wastewater treatment - marine water pollution

Armagh - waste water recycling - epa wastewater - biological wastewater treatment

Bangor - tanks modeling - effluent pollution - water pollution modeling - chemical water pollution

Bath - effluent equipment - systems modeling - epa modeling - marine water pollution

Belfast - effluent recycling - activated sludge effluent - filtration modeling - marine water pollution

Birmingham - grey water - gray water - effluent treatment - chemical water pollution

Bradford - effluent - sewage repair - septic contractors - marine water pollution

Brighton & Hove - waste disposal - water recycling - septic filters - marine water pollution

Bristol - septic cleaners - sewage supplies - waste removal -

Cambridge - effluent gas - irrigation modeling - sedimentation modeling -

Nottingham - effluent waste water - membrane modeling - sewer modeling -

Oxford - tertiary wastewater treatment - septic tanks - water treatment

Peterborough - effluent wastewater and sand modeling - sewage treatment effluent - effluent waste -

Plymouth - tank modeling - cost modeling - process modeling - chemical water pollution

Portsmouth - plant modeling - effluent sewer - effluent treatment plant -

Preston - solids modeling - effluent clarifier - chemical modeling -

Ripon - effluent technology - effluent drinking water - effluent sewage -

Salford - water modeling - effluent sewerage - biological modeling -

Salisbury - drinking water - groundwater - gas analyzers and diffusers -

Sheffield - home sewage systems - water filtration - aeration and pumps -

St Albans - water treatment plant - waste treatment - drainage -

St David's - sewage plumbing - water treatment systems - septic maintenance -

Stirling - effluent removal - effluent filtration and effluent tanks - effluent water treatment plant -

Essex - outfall canal - northern outfall -

Shropshire - outfall pipe -

Lancashire - stormwater modeling -

Oxfordshire - transport modeling -

Derbyshire - basin modeling - chemical water pollution

Aberdeen - modeling management - design modeling - systems modeling -

Armagh - watershed modeling - plant modeling - project modeling -

Bangor - gis modeling - road modeling - urban modeling -

Bath - sewage outfall - pipe outfall - sewer outfall - chemical water pollution

Belfast - flood modeling - groundwater modeling - hydrology modeling -

Birmingham - runoff modeling - wastewater modeling -

Bradford - river modeling - lake modeling - water resources modeling -

Brighton & Hove - environmental modeling - wastewater outfall - simulation modeling -

Bristol - drainage outfall - storm water outfall - outfall stormwater - outfall design -

Cambridge - outfall channel - pond outfall - fluent modeling -

Nottingham - outfall protection - outfall structure - modeling theory -

Oxford - turbulent modeling - thermal modeling - particle modeling -

Peterborough - contamination modeling - water quality modeling - area modeling -

Plymouth - construction modeling - water pollution modeling - water modeling -

Portsmouth - river outfall -stream modeling - analysis modeling -

Preston - outfall monitoring - surface modeling - sewer modeling -

Ripon - solution modeling - outfall construction - storm water modeling -

Salford - ocean outfall - outfall system - sewer outfall -

Salisbury - wastewater outfall - marine outfall - sewage outfall -

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