Software CUSTIC: Mapa de ruido producido por tres mastillos neumáticos Canarina
Software CUSTIC de Canarina: programa para evaluar la contaminación acústica y el ruido: ordenanza de ruidos, impacto ambiental de la contaminación sonora, ingeniería ambiental, gestión ambiental del ruido y de la contaminación sónica.
CUSTIC: Contaminación acústica - Aplicaciones - Ventajas - Precio - Ediciones
CONTAMINACIÓN ACÚSTICA: Nivel de ruido - Emisiones sonoraS - Ruido ambiental
Principal - Obtener versión DEMO - Precio
The Congress included among the requirements of the Noise Control Act of 1972 a directive that the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency "...develop and publish criteria with respect to noise..." and then "publish information on the levels of environmental noise the attainment and maintenance of which in defined areas under various conditions are requisite to protect the public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety."
Not all of the scientific work that is required for basing such levels of environmental noise on precise objective factors has been completed. Some investigations are currently underway, and the need for others has been identified. These involve both special studies on various aspects of effects of noise on humans and the accumulation of additional epidemiological data. In some cases, a considerable period of time must elapse before the results will be meaningful, due to the long-term nature of the investigations involved. Nonetheless, there is information available from which extrapolations are possible and about which reasoned judgments can be made.
Given the foregoing, EPA has sought to provide information on the levels of noise requisite to protect public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. The information presented is based on analyses, extrapolations and evaluations of the present state of scientific knowledge. This approach is not unusual or different from that used for other environmental stressors and pollutants. As pointed out in "Air Quality Criteria"-Staff Report, Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, Committee on Public Works, U-S. Senate, July, 1968,
The protection of public health is required action based upon best evidence of causation available. Sir E. B. Hill, 1962 appropriately expressed this philosophy, when he wrote: "All scientific work is incomplete-whether it be observational or experimental. All scientific work is liable to be upset or modified by advancing knowledge. That does not confer upon us freedom to lower the knowledge we already have, or to postpone the action that it appears to demand at a given time. The lessons of the past in general health and safety practices are easy to read. They are characterized by empirical decisions, by eternally persistent reappraisal of public health standards against available knowledge of causation, by consistently giving the public the benefit of the doubt, and by ever striving for improved environmental quality with the accompanying reduction in disease morbidity and mortality. The day of precise quantitative
measurement of health and welfare effects has not yet arrived. Until such measurement is possible, action must be based upon limited knowledge, guided by the principal of the enhancement of the quality of human life. Such action is based on a philosophy of preventive medicine."
The foregoing represents the approach taken by EPA in the preparation of this present document on noise. As the fund of knowledge is expanded, improved and refined, revisions of this document will occur.
The incorporation of a margin of safety in the identification of non-hazardous levels is not new. In most cases, a statistical determination is made of the lowest level at which harmful effects could occur, and then an additional correction is applied as a margin of safety. In the case of noise, the margin of safety has been developed through the application of a conservative approach at each stage of the data analysis. The cumulation of these results thus provides for the adequate margin of safety.
It should be borne in mind that this document is published to present information required by the Noise Control Act, Section 5(a)(2), and that its contents do not constitute Agency regulations or standards. Its statistical generalizations should not be applied to a particular individual. Moreover, States and localities will approach this information according to their individual needs and situations.
