Software CUSTIC: Mapa de ruido producido por tres mastillos neumáticos Canarina
Software CUSTIC de Canarina: programa para evaluar la contaminación acústica y el ruido: normativa sobre ruidos, impacto ambiental de la contaminación sonora, ingeniería ambiental, gestión ambiental del ruido y de la contaminación sónica.
CUSTIC: Contaminación acústica - Aplicaciones - Ventajas - Precio - Ediciones
CONTAMINACIÓN ACÚSTICA: Nivel de ruido - Emisiones sonoraS - Ruido ambiental
Principal - Obtener versión DEMO - Precio
Three versions of equivalent sound level are used in this document in order to accommodate the various modes of noise exposure that occur in these situations. They are distinguished by the periods of time over which they are averaged and the way in which the averaging is done.
- Leq for an 8-hour period (Leq(8)): This is the equivalent A-weighted sound level (in decibels relative to 20 micropascals) computed over any continuous time period of eight hours identified with the typical occupational exposure. As will be shown in later sections of this document, Leq(8) serves as a basis for identifying environmental noise which causes damage to hearing.
- Leq for 24-hour weighted for nighttime exposure (Ldn): This formula of equivalent level is used here to relate noise in residential environments to chronic annoyance by speech interference and in some part by sleep and activity interference. For these situations, where people are affected by environmental noise for extended periods of time, the natural choice of duration is the 24-hour day. Most noise environments are characterized by repetitive behavior from day to day, with some variation imposed by differences between weekday and weekend activity, as well as some seasonal variation. To account for these variations, it has been found useful to measure environmental noise in terms of the long-term yearly average of the daily levels.
In determining the daily measure of environmental noise, it is important to account for the difference in response of people in residential areas to noises that occur during sleeping hours as compared to waking hours. -During nighttime, exterior background ' noises generally drop in level from daytime values. Further, the activity of most households decreases at night, lowering the internally generated noise levels. Thus, noise events become more intrusive at night, since the increase in noise levels of the event over background noise is greater than it is during the daytime.
Methods for accounting for these differences between daytime and nighttime exposures have been developed in a number of different noise assessment methods employed around the world, (see Appendix A). In general, the method used is to characterize nighttime noise as more severe than corresponding daytime events; that is, to apply a weighting factor to noise that increases the numbers commensurate with their severity. Two approaches to identifying time periods have been employed: one divides the 24-hour day into two periods, the waking and sleeping hours, while the other divides the 24 hours into three periods--day, evening, and night. The weighting applied to the non-daytime periods differs slightly among the different countries, but most of them weight nighttime activities by about 10 dB. The evening weighting, if used, is 5 dB.
