Software CUSTIC: Mapa de ruido producido por tres mastillos neumáticos Canarina software
Software CUSTIC de Canarina: programa para evaluar la contaminación acústica y el ruido: normativa sobre ruido, impacto ambiental de la contaminación sonora, ingeniería ambiental, gestión ambiental del ruido y de la contaminación sónica.
CUSTIC: Contaminación acústica - Aplicaciones - Ventajas - Precio - Ediciones
CONTAMINACIÓN ACÚSTICA: Nivel de ruido - Emisiones sonoraS - Ruido ambiental
Principal - Obtener versión DEMO - Precio
Throughout this report, the words "identified level" are used to express the result of the inquiry mandated by Section 5(a)(2). The words "goals", "standards", or "recommended levels" are not used since they are not appropriate. Neither Congress nor the Environmental Protection Agency has reached the conclusion that these identified levels should be adopted by states and localities. This is a decision which the Noise Control Act clearly leaves to the states and localities themselves.
Certain of the statutory phrases in Section 5(a)(2) need further definition and discussion in order to make clear the purpose of this document. Congress required that EPA "publish information on environmental noise" levels. This mandate is basically one of "description". Such description is to be made in the specific context of "defined areas" and "under various conditions". The phrase "in defined areas under various conditions" is used in both a geographical and an activity sense, for example, indoors in a school classroom or outdoors adjacent to an urban freeway. It also requires consideration not only of the human activity involved, but also of the nature of the noise impact.
The next and last statutory phrase in Section 5(a)(2) is most important. It is that the noise levels are to be discussed on the basis of what is requisite to protect "the public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety". The use of the words "public health" requires a statistical approach to determine the order of magnitude of the population affected by a given level of noise. The concept of a margin of safety implies that every sector of the population which would reasonably be exposed to adverse noise levels should be included by the specifically described levels.
The phrase "health and welfare" as used herein is defined as "complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". This definition would take into account sub-clinical and subjective responses (e.g., annoyance or other adverse psychological reactions) of the individual and the public. As will be discussed below, the available data demonstrate that the most serious clinical health and welfare effect caused
by noise is interference with the ability to hear. Thus, as used in this document, the phrase "health and welfare" will necessarily apply to those levels of noise that have been shown to interfere with the ability to hear.
The phrase "health and welfare" also includes personal comfort and well-being and the absence of mental anguish and annoyance.. In fact, a considerable portion of the data available on the "health and welfare" effects of noise is expressed in terms of annoyance. However, "annoyance" is a description of the human reaction to what is described as noise "interference"; and though annoyance appears to be statistically quantifiable, it is a subjective reaction to interference with some desired human activity. From a legal standpoint, annoyance per se is not a legal concept. Annoyance expresses the human response or results, not its cause. For this reason, the common law has never recognized annoyance as being a
